The JOIN operation

game

id	mdate	stadium	team1	team2
1001	8 June 2012	National Stadium, Warsaw	POL	GRE
1002	8 June 2012	Stadion Miejski (Wroclaw)	RUS	CZE
1003	12 June 2012	Stadion Miejski (Wroclaw)	GRE	CZE
1004	12 June 2012	National Stadium, Warsaw	POL	RUS
...

goal

matchid	teamid	player	gtime
1001	POL	Robert Lewandowski	17
1001	GRE	Dimitris Salpingidis	51
1002	RUS	Alan Dzagoev	15
1001	RUS	Roman Pavlyuchenko	82
...

eteam

id	teamname	coach
POL	Poland	Franciszek Smuda
RUS	Russia	Dick Advocaat
CZE	Czech Republic	Michal Bilek
GRE	Greece	Fernando Santos
...

JOIN and UEFA EURO 2012

This tutorial introduces JOIN which allows you to use data from two or more tables. The tables contain all matches and goals from UEFA EURO 2012 Football Championship in Poland and Ukraine.

Summary

The first example shows the goal scored by 'Bender'.

Show matchid and player name for all goals scored by Germany. teamid = 'GER'

SELECT * FROM goal 
  WHERE player LIKE '%Bender'

SELECT matchid, player 
 FROM goal
   WHERE teamid LIKE 'GER'

From the previous query you can see that Lars Bender's goal was scored in game 1012. Notice that the column matchid in the goal table corresponds to the id column in the game table.

Show id, stadium, team1, team2 for game 1012

SELECT id,stadium,team1,team2
  FROM game 
 WHERE stadium LIKE '%Warsaw%'

SELECT id,stadium,team1,team2
 FROM game
WHERE id=1012

You can combine the two steps into a single query with a JOIN. You will get all the game details and all the goal details if you use

SELECT *
  FROM game JOIN goal ON (id=matchid)

Show the player, teamid and mdate and for every German goal. teamid='GER'

SELECT player,stadium
  FROM game JOIN goal ON (id=matchid)

SELECT player,teamid,mdate
  FROM game JOIN goal ON (id=matchid)
 WHERE teamid='GER'

Use the same JOIN as in the previous question.

Show the team1, team2 and player for every goal scored by a player called Mario player LIKE 'Mario%'

SELECT team1, team2, player
  FROM game JOIN goal ON (id=matchid)
WHERE player LIKE 'Mario%'

The table eteam gives details of every national team including the coach. You can JOIN goal to eteam using the phrase goal JOIN eteam on teamid=id

Show player, teamid, coach, gtime for all goals scored in the first 10 minutes gtime<=10

SELECT player, teamid, gtime
  FROM goal 
 WHERE gtime<=10

SELECT player, teamid, coach, gtime
  FROM goal JOIN eteam ON (teamid=id)
 WHERE gtime<=10

To JOIN game with eteam you could use either
game JOIN eteam ON (team1=eteam.id) or game JOIN eteam ON (team2=eteam.id)

Notice that because id is a column name in both game and eteam you must specify eteam.id instead of just id

List the name of the team and the dates of the matches in which 'Fernando Santos' was the team1 coach.

SELECT mdate,teamname
  FROM game JOIN eteam ON (team1=eteam.id)
WHERE coach='Fernando Santos'

List the player for every goal scored in a game where the staium was 'National Stadium, Warsaw'

SELECT player
  FROM goal JOIN game ON (id=matchid)
 WHERE stadium = 'National Stadium, Warsaw'

More difficult questions

This query shows all goals scored in Germany-Greece quarterfinal.

Show names of all players who scored a goal against Germany.

Select goals scored by non-German players in matches where GER was the id of either team1 or team2.

You can use teamid!='GER' to prevent listing German players.

You can use DISTINCT to stop players being listed twice.

SELECT player, gtime
  FROM game JOIN goal ON matchid = id 
    WHERE (team1='GER' AND team2='GRE')

SELECT DISTINCT player
  FROM game JOIN goal ON matchid = id 
 WHERE (team1 = 'GER' OR team2 = 'GER')
   AND teamid!='GER'

Show teamname and the total number of goals scored.

You should COUNT(*) in the SELECT line and GROUP BY teamname

SELECT teamname, player
  FROM eteam JOIN goal ON id=teamid
 ORDER BY teamname

SELECT teamname,COUNT(teamid)
  FROM eteam JOIN goal ON id=teamid
GROUP BY teamname

Show the stadium and the number of goals scored in each stadium.

SELECT stadium,COUNT(1)
  FROM goal JOIN game ON id=matchid
GROUP BY stadium

For every match involving 'POL', show the matchid date and the number of goals scored.

SELECT matchid,mdate, team1, team2,teamid
  FROM game JOIN goal ON matchid = id 
 WHERE (team1 = 'POL' OR team2 = 'POL')

SELECT matchid,mdate,COUNT(teamid)
  FROM game JOIN goal ON matchid = id 
 WHERE (team1 = 'POL' OR team2 = 'POL')
GROUP BY matchid,mdate

For every match where 'GER' scored, show the number of goals scored by 'GER'

SELECT matchid,mdate,COUNT(teamid)
  FROM game JOIN goal ON matchid = id 
 WHERE (teamid='GER')
GROUP BY matchid,mdate

List every match with the goals scored by each team as shown.

mdate	team1	score1	team2	score2
1 July 2012	ESP	4	ITA	0
10 June 2012	ESP	1	ITA	1
10 June 2012	IRL	1	CRO	3
...

Notice in the query given every goal is listed. If it was a team1 goal then a 1 appears in score1, otherwise there is a 0. You could SUM this column to get a count of the goals scored by team1.

SELECT mdate,
  team1,
  CASE WHEN teamid=team1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END score1
  FROM game JOIN goal ON matchid = id

SELECT mdate,
  team1,
  SUM(CASE WHEN teamid=team1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) score1,
  team2,
  SUM(CASE WHEN teamid=team2 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) score2
  FROM game JOIN goal ON matchid = id 
GROUP BY mdate,matchid,team1,team2

Clear your results

JOIN Quiz

Old JOIN Tutorial

The next tutorial about the Movie database involves some slightly more complicated joins.